Indigenous People Of The Chilcotin

September 1, 2021

When traveling the Chilcotin it is very evident you are guests on predominantly

indigenous land.  This entry will try to give a little context to the lives of indigenous

people in this part of the world.

Most of the following information was taken from the Canadian Encyclopedia website: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/chilcotintsilhqotin.

The Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) live between the Fraser River and the Coast Mountains in west-central British Columbia. In the 2016 census, 2,805 people of the Indigenous population reported Tsilhqot’in ancestry.  Traditionally Dene (Athabascan) speaking, their name means "people of the red river" and also refers to the Chilcotin Plateau region. 

Through most of the 19th century, the Tsilhqot’in were organized into autonomous bands. However, through much of the year, families moved about independently hunting, fishing, and gathering roots and berries. There were leaders, some of whom were forceful, but the society was basically egalitarian and individuals and their families valued their autonomy. In late summer, most families gathered along the rivers to fish the salmon runs. In mid-winter, they moved to sheltered locations, usually near lakes suitable for ice fishing, where they lived in shed-roofed homes or pit houses. 

 

The Tsilhqot'in traditional culture is similar to that of other Northern Dene peoples. Drumming, storytelling, and community celebrations feature prominently in Tsilhqot’in cultural life.  Protection of the environment and of nature is also important to Tsilhqot’in culture.

   

In 1864 the Tsilhqot’in resisted the European intrusion into the area via the pack-train trail established from the Bella Coola Valley through Tsilhqot'in territory to the developing gold mine centres to the east. A small group of Tsilhqot'in killed several European workers on this road in what is known as the Chilcotin War of 1864. Six Tsilhqot'in were eventually tried and executed for these killings. On 26 March 2018, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau exonerated the Tsilhqot'in chiefs of any wrongdoing, and on 2 November 2018, Trudeau formally apologized.

The Tsilhqot’in National Government is a tribal council established in 1989 that represents the six-member First Nations of the Chilcotin Plateau. In 2014, the Tsilhqot’in people won a Supreme Court of Canada case that focused on the issue of Aboriginal title. The Court agreed that the land had been both continually occupied and defended for the exclusive use of the Tsilhqot’in.  The ruling gives the Tsilhqot’in exclusive right to use and enjoy the land, as well as any benefits and profits derived therefrom. Any economic development on the land will require the consent of the Tsilhqot’in Nation.

As you explore the area you cannot help but notice the impressive new tribal offices, schools, and businesses.

  

Anahim to Bella Coola

September 3, 2021

We enjoyed a quick tour of Anahim Lake.  It doesn’t take long.  It is not a large place but as one resident told me, there are two flights a week to Vancouver so you’re not completely in the wild in Anahim.  He also reminded me that the name is pronounced “An-a-him”.  “You’re not in Disneyland’s An-a-heim!”  The town is also home to Canada’s Winter Olympic gold medal-winning hockey goalie Carey Price.  He is revered and has been known to compete at the local rodeo in the off-season.  His family still keeps a home in the area.

After a quiet night on the shores of Anahim Lake at the Escott RV Resort, we took the trip to Bella Coola.  The drive to Bella Coola on Highway 20 is one of BC's most treacherous and scenic roads.  It is 135 kilometers of all-season gravel.  Tourists are not advised to take their recreational vehicles due to steep inclines.  While we did see others hauling trailers, we decided the most prudent action was to leave the RVs behind and ride together in Doug’s truck.

The road includes 11km of switchbacks on the way to Heckman Pass, at 1.524m above sea level. The road descends 43 km of steep, narrow road with sharp hairpin turns and two major switchbacks to the Bella Coola Valley. The descent includes a 9 km section with grades of up to 18%. It was reported to us that tourists who have driven to Bella Coola from Williams Lake have been known to refuse to drive back and have had to be taken out by boat or floatplane.

Until 1953, the road from Williams Lake ended at Anahim Lake, 135 km short of Bella Coola because the provincial government refused to extend it – claiming the mountainous terrain was too difficult. Local volunteers working from opposite ends with two bulldozers and supplies purchased on credit finished the job. The rustic road was not really considered a highway when first completed, but it was enough to convince the government to take over maintenance and improvements in 1955.  We were told to look for the marker where the two dozers met but I think we missed it.

Our drive proved to be spectacular in terms of scenery but thankfully devoid of any on-road dramas.

We descended the pass into the lush green coastal vegetation of the Bella Coola Valley.  The valley has many older homes and farms first established by Norwegian immigrants from Minnesota, USA.  Bella Coola is situated on the ocean but far inland at the head of the North Bentinck Channel.  The ocean water is quite green with a glacial water hint.  It is regularly served by BC Ferries from Port Hardy.  

The town itself is quite small but has a large, well-stocked general store and a few small restaurants.  We enjoyed our lunch and poked around the harbour and the “run of the river” power plant.  Unfortunately, the local museum was closed due to COVID concerns.

Other than Doug’s white truck changing colour to a brown, mud textured finish, we had an equally non-dramatic ride home and got to enjoy most of the same scenery but from a different perspective.

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The Journey Begins

August 31, 2021

After a six-hour drive up the Fraser Canyon, we arrived at our Green Lake rendezvous just outside of 70 Mile House.  Driving the motorhome was a little different but after the first hour, we had adapted to the much larger vehicle.

Kick-Off Meal At the Hughes - Green Lake

After an evening meal with our travel companions and a few drinks to kick off the holiday and our first sleep in the motorhome, we woke to a sunny, chilly day at the Hughes’ Family property on Green Lake.  We were ready to go at 8 am.

 

Unfortunately, our day started with bad news as Randy and Doreen were called home to tend to a family emergency.  The news put a damper on our plans but the rest of us pledged to continue on and make the very best of it while keeping Randy and Doreen in our thoughts.

 

We started with a quick breakfast stop at the 70 Mile General Store for breakfast sandwiches and coffee.

 

This was followed by a quick Save-On stop in 100 Mike House and then a fuel stop at Williams Lake before leaving the Caribou Highway 97 onto the Coast Trail, Highway 20.  As soon as we climbed out of the valley we were in the plateau grasslands of Riske Creek.  The plateau's cattle ranches that got their start in the 1800s are still actively evident today.

 

We passed the road to Farwell Canyon and made a mental note for a visit on our return to see the water-carved limestone and sandstone hoodoos, and the rolling sand dunes.

 

From there it was on the Alexis Creek.  The settlement itself is located on the benchlands overlooking the glacial blue waters of the Chilcotin River.  The Chilcotin valley is broad, green, and populated by grasses and beef cattle. 

We made camp at Bull Canyon Provincial Park nestled up to the Chilcotin River.  Deborah and I did a little learning while setting up camp while others chatted with the locals about the abundance of salmon in the river.  Most of us took a stroll along the River Trail before enjoying a fine meal and a few drinks to end the day.

Exploring The Chilcotin

Another Late Entry

August 31, 2021

COVID has certainly limited our ability to travel and while an inability to travel is certainly a first-world problem and hardly compares to the serious outcomes that have befallen many of our friends and neighbours, for us retirees bent on seeing the world, it has been frustrating.  That ended today.

We are off to explore the Chilcotin Road (Highway 20) running from Williams Lake on the east to Bella Coola on the Pacific west.  We have rented a motor home and are joining experience RVers cousins Randy and Gordon, their wives Doreen and Margo, and their friends Doug and Debbie Hughes.  The Hughes will be our guides on this exploration.

This adventure is Deborah’s Christmas gift to me back in 2020.  She promised an RV trip to a place of my choosing.  For those that know Deborah’s disdain for anything camping or “roughing it” in the great outdoors, you know what a sacrifice this is and is indeed a gift.  

The motor home is packed and we are ready to go.  We will head up Highway 1 to Hope, through the Fraser Canyon to Cache Creek, along the Caribou Road to 100 Mile House and a short trip east to Green Lake to rendezvous with our travel companions.

We knew we would be “off the grid” as soon as we left Williams Lake and ventured west to the Pacific but we didn’t know updating the Blog would prove impossible.

Cathedral Lakes Lodge Hiking

It has been about a year and a half since we ventured very far from home.  The COVID 19 Pandemic has forced us to cool our travel jets ever since we scurried home from Australia at the end of March 2020.  While an inability to travel is certainly a first-world problem and hardly compares to the serious outcomes that have befallen many of our friends and neighbours, for us retirees bent on seeing the world, it has been frustrating.

The summer of 2021 and two vaccinations have allowed us to finally get away for a few closer-to-home travel experiences.  Unfortunately, two of them were “off-grid”, without cell or Internet service, and we were unable to publish our blog.  As well, we have been struggling with the Blogger App itself.  Blogger has undergone changes and we have been unable to upload and post our entries even when the Internet was available. While more cumbersome we are now able to negotiate the updated app.

 

Since we still want to look back and remember our trips we have decided to blog, “after the fact”.  The posting dates will be much later than the events they describe but we will attempt to record the salient points.

July 16, 17, 18, 19, 2021

Quiniscoe Lake At Cathedral Lodge

Located in British Columbia's South Central Interior Bordering the U.S.

First up were two days of alpine hiking in Cathedral Provincial Park with friends Nola, Glen, Richard, and Ling last July.  Hiking is not Deborah’s “cup of tea” but being supportive, she agreed to join me in hiking the alpine.  We were lucky to have blue skies, sunshine, and little to no forest fire smoke (in a summer when B.C. was suffocating from heat domes and fires).  We hiked the Rim Trail on day one and Diamond, Red Mountain, and Quiniscoe trails on day two.  We enjoyed cold beers/wine and gourmet food each day in the Cathedral Lodge.

Base Camp

Gear Including Hiking Clothes, Beer, Wine, and Snacks.

Ready For The Long Ride Up!

Rustic But Comfortable.

The Lake Is Full Of Rainbow Trout

We traveled to the Lodge with Glen and Nola along Highway 3 through Hope to Princeton and on to Keremeos.  Just before Keremeos, we turned up the Ashnola River valley for a 30-minute drive until we reached the Cathedral Base Camp entrance.  The road is steep, rough, and windy and must be traveled by the Lodge’s private vehicles.  It is dusty, steep, and scary at times but after about an hour you reach the lodge set on Quiniscoe Lake at 2000 metres above sea level.

Cathedral Lakes Lodge is Canada’s highest full-service hiking and fishing wilderness lodge. The area has more than 33,000 hectares of mountain wilderness featuring azure lakes, alpine meadows, and jagged peaks of the North Cascades and Okanagan Mountain Ranges.

 

The Cathedral Rim Trail is the most popular. It is (2500 metres above sea level) follows a ridgeline, and features spectacular 360-degree views of surrounding mountain ranges on both sides of the border as well as unusual and fascinating geological formations unique to the park.

We will let the pictures tell the story:

Many Mountain Goats But No Bears!

Lots Of Marmots

Richard Scaring The Shit Out Of The Rest Of Us.

The Cleft

The Cascade Mountain Peaks In The U.S.

Enjoying The Views and Lunch

Day Two Started In The Meadows Before The Climb

A Little Bit Of Forest Fire Smoke Crept In On Day Two